The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• complicated and sometimes ambiguous [32]. To circumvent these issues, given the advancement and prevalence of high- or super-resolution microscopy, imaging-based approaches can be used to directly visualize uptake and determine whether the NP is co-localized or associated with key endocytic structures or

• optical microscopy, or super-resolution microscopy (e.g., STORM, SIM) can be used to establish relative emission ratios for a labeled payload relative to a labeled carrier. Regarding standard methods Given the number of possible techniques for the assessment of the size distributions of NP systems, we

A super-oscillatory step-zoom metalens for visible light

• Yi Zhou,
• Chao Yan,
• Peng Tian,
• Zhu Li,
• Yu He,
• Bin Fan,
• Zhiyong Wang,
• Yao Deng and
• Dongliang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.101

• years, the super-oscillation method based on the fine interference of optical fields has been successfully applied to sub-diffraction focusing and super-resolution imaging. However, most previously reported works only describe static super-oscillatory lenses. Super-oscillatory lenses using phase-change

• two focal lengths within a certain field of view. The designed device consists of nanopillars with high efficiency of up to 80%, and the super-resolution focusing with 0.84 times of diffraction limit is verified by the full-wave simulation. The proposed method bears the potential to become a useful

• tool for label-free super-resolution microscopic imaging and optical precision machining. Keywords: geometric phase; phase-change material; step-zoom lens; super-oscillatory; Introduction Due to the diffraction limit, conventional optical imaging systems are unable to surpass a theoretical resolution

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• learning. Not since the introduction of super-resolution microscopy methods over a decade ago has a class of tools had such potential to disrupt microscopy as we know it” [91]. In this section we will describe the use of DNNs in general and CNNs in particular in the field of microscopy [7][9][33][92][93

• for super-resolution localization microscopy (such as PALM and STORM) has been widely investigated [103][118]. For example, Ouyang et al. presented ANNA-PALM, a deep learning approach for image reconstruction. Super-resolution images are generated from sparse, rapidly acquired photo-activated

• localization microscopy and wide-field images. High-quality, super-resolution images of microtubules, nuclear pores, and mitochondria can be reconstructed from low-resolution images with two orders of magnitude fewer frames than usual. This shortens acquisition time and reduces sample irradiation [119]. Deep

Reducing molecular simulation time for AFM images based on super-resolution methods

• Zhipeng Dou,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Rui Lin,
• Jianhai Wang,
• Peng Cheng and
• Zeyu Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 775–785, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.61

• also been used as training data. However, the simulation is incredibly time consuming. In this paper, we apply super-resolution methods, including compressed sensing and deep learning methods, to reconstruct simulated images and to reduce simulation time. Several molecular simulation energy maps under

• different conditions are presented to demonstrate the performance of reconstruction algorithms. Through the analysis of reconstructed results, we find that both presented algorithms could complete the reconstruction with good quality and greatly reduce simulation time. Moreover, the super-resolution methods

• can be used to speed up the generation of training data and vary simulation resolution for AFM machine learning. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; Bayesian compressed sensing; convolutional neural network; molecular dynamics simulation; super resolution; Introduction Atomic force microscopy methods

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• holds promise to detect fluorescent biomarkers with better resolution than that achievable even with the most advanced super-resolution optical microscopy techniques, for instance, stimulated emission depletion microscopy [51]. In particular, it may allow for correlating fluorescence microscopy with HIM

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

Deterministic placement of ultra-bright near-infrared color centers in arrays of silicon carbide micropillars

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Abdul Salam Al Atem,
• Faraz Ahmed Inam,
• Hans Jürgen von Bardeleben,
• Sophie Hameau,
• Ahmed Fahad Almutairi,
• Gérard Guillot,
• Shin-ichiro Sato,
• Alberto Boretti and
• Jean Marie Bluet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2383–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.229

• emission of NCVSi. Deep imaging of biological tissues is a significant challenge as light is scattered by the tissues, distorting the focus of optical microscopes. Imaging at optical super-resolution may be achieved by using novel devices based on the engineered defects in the SiC micropillars. Further

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• limit, which is ≈305 nm over a field-of-view of 50 × 50 μm2 with a spin sensitivity of 104 spins per voxel or ≈100 zmol. This method can enable the development of electron spin resonance with zeptomole sensitivity in chemical sciences. Super-resolution imaging beyond the diffraction limit using spin

• defects has recently been developed using NV centers by STED, STED-ODMR, reversible saturable optical fluorescence transitions (SPIN)-RESOLFT, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) ODMR and localization microscopy as reviewed in [45] in both bulk and NDs. Super-resolution spin microscopy is

• , fundamental studies of the coupling of photoluminescence and spin properties of NV in diffraction-limited space are carried out by a super-resolution microscope. In the presence of a single ground state spin transition frequency for all emitters, the external magnetic field is used to split the resonant dips

Correction: Photobleaching of YOYO-1 in super-resolution single DNA fluorescence imaging

• Joseph R. Pyle and
• Jixin Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 809–811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.74

• Joseph R. Pyle Jixin Chen Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA 10.3762/bjnano.9.74 Keywords: diffusion; PAINT; single-molecule photophysics; super-resolution imaging; The originally published Figure 7 and

Photobleaching of YOYO-1 in super-resolution single DNA fluorescence imaging

• Joseph R. Pyle and
• Jixin Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2296–2306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.229

• Joseph R. Pyle Jixin Chen Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA 10.3762/bjnano.8.229 Abstract Super-resolution imaging of single DNA molecules via point accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (PAINT

• theoretically predicted with the proposed method in this report. Keywords: diffusion; PAINT; single-molecule photophysics; super-resolution imaging; Introduction Fluorescence imaging of DNA with intercalating dyes is important for DNA sensing [1][2], nucleic acid imaging inside cells and viruses [3][4][5

• preference. Its fluorescent brightness at visible wavelengths is enhanced over 1,000-fold upon intercalation into DNA as compared to free YOYO-1 in water [13][14][15], which has triggered a revolution in DNA labeling since the 1990s [16]. YOYO-1 has been one of the major dyes used for super-resolution DNA

Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy

• Isabella Tavernaro,
• Christian Cavelius,
• Henrike Peuschel and
• Annette Kraegeloh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.130

• other hand, are suitable for observing dynamic processes using living cells [18][19][20]. In addition, the development of novel so-called “super-resolution” optical imaging techniques allows for the imaging of objects beyond the diffraction limit [21][22]. For example, stimulated emission depletion

Evaluation of quantum dot conjugated antibodies for immunofluorescent labelling of cellular targets

• Jennifer E. Francis,
• David Mason and
• Raphaël Lévy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1238–1249, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.125

• spectra and smaller Qdots in the blue region [1]. Qdots are also an ideal probe choice for super-resolution imaging techniques that require stochastic optical fluctuation, as they exhibit well-characterised blinking between fluorescent and non-fluorescent states [10][11]. Despite these favourable

Grazing-incidence optical magnetic recording with super-resolution

• Gunther Scheunert,
• Sidney. R. Cohen,
• René Kullock,
• Ryan McCarron,
• Katya Rechev,
• Ifat Kaplan-Ashiri,
• Ora Bitton,
• Paul Dawson,
• Bert Hecht and
• Dan Oron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 28–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.4

• . Two different laser wavelengths were used (532 and 785 nm) to demonstrate the generality of the approach and the experimental results are corroborated by extensive numerical modelling of the heating process and the super-resolution thermal profile. The first researchers to employ a similar grazing

• writing multiple (4 in the example) clearly distinguishable dots in the area of the original laser spot – i.e., super-resolution. All experiments were first conducted in the absence and then repeated in the presence of an AFM tip – yielding identical results: the tip’s presence at the sample surface

Functionalization of α-synuclein fibrils

• Simona Povilonienė,
• Vida Časaitė,
• Virginijus Bukauskas,
• Arūnas Šetkus,
• Juozas Staniulis and
• Rolandas Meškys

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 124–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.12

• complex structures ordered by the amyloid template has been described [36]. Ries et al., recently developed a method for super resolution imaging of amyloid fibrils with binding-activated probes where unlabeled target structures (eg., α-synuclein fibrils) can be visualised after the amyloid-specific

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Alexandra Antonopulos,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Ralf Dringen,
• Matthias Epple,
• Rebekka Flöck,
• Wolfgang Goedecke,
• Christina Graf,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Jens Helmlinger,
• Fabian Herzog,
• Frederike Heuer,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Christian Johannes,
• Stefanie Kittler,
• Manfred Köller,
• Katrin Korn,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Eva M. Luther,
• Marcelina Malissek,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Anne Pailliart,
• Jörg Raabe,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Andreas Seibel,
• Christina Sengstock,
• Lennart Treuel,
• Annika Vogt,
• Katrin Weber and
• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

• conventional methods, such as optical microscopy, cannot be applied because the spatial resolution is not sufficient to probe sub-cellular details (except for novel super-resolution microscopic techniques like STED, PALM or NSOM). While such a resolution is easily provided by transmission electron microscopy

Precise quantification of silica and ceria nanoparticle uptake revealed by 3D fluorescence microscopy

• Adriano A. Torrano and
• Christoph Bräuchle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1616–1624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.173

• to be accurate by independent stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, a super-resolution technique [28][29]. Although developed for the absolute quantification of the nanoparticle uptake by cells, this method was made flexible to allow for the quantification in absolute and also in relative

Probing the plasmonic near-field by one- and two-photon excited surface enhanced Raman scattering

• Katrin Kneipp and
• Harald Kneipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 834–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.94

• aggregates of nanoparticle of various sizes and shapes reaching from dimers [4][5][6][7], and trimers [8] to selfsimilar structures formed by silver- or gold nanospheres [9]. High local fields can also exist in fractal films or cavities of these noble metals [10]. The recently reported super-resolution

Diamond nanophotonics

• Katja Beha,
• Helmut Fedder,
• Marco Wolfer,
• Merle C. Becker,
• Petr Siyushev,
• Mohammad Jamali,
• Anton Batalov,
• Christopher Hinz,
• Jakob Hees,
• Lutz Kirste,
• Harald Obloh,
• Etienne Gheeraert,
• Boris Naydenov,
• Ingmar Jakobi,
• Florian Dolde,
• Sébastien Pezzagna,
• Daniel Twittchen,
• Matthew Markham,
• Daniel Dregely,
• Harald Giessen,
• Jan Meijer,
• Fedor Jelezko,
• Christoph E. Nebel,
• Rudolf Bratschitsch,
• Alfred Leitenstorfer and
• Jörg Wrachtrup

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 895–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.100

• wavelength. At higher laser power, the nonlinearity of the saturation function becomes important and the central dark spot shrinks well below the optical wavelength, providing super-resolution optical imaging capability. This technique is suitable to determine the position of an implanted color center with